Wikipedia "Today in History"

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><body><pre>1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire. 1270 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of Karuse.1630 – Dutch forces led by Hendrick Lonck capture Olinda in what was to become part of Dutch Brazil. 1646 – Battle of Torrington, Devon: The last major battle of the First English Civil War. 1699 – First Leopoldine Diploma is issued by the Holy Roman Emperor, recognizing the Greek Catholic clergy enjoyed the same privileges as Roman Catholic priests in the Principality of Transylvania. 1742 – Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington, becomes British Prime Minister.[1] 1796 – Colombo in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) falls to the British, completing their invasion of Ceylon.[2] 1804 – First Barbary War: Stephen Decatur leads a raid to burn the pirate-held frigate USS Philadelphia. 1862 – American Civil War: General Ulysses S. Grant captures Fort Donelson, Tennessee. 1866 – Spencer Compton Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington becomes British Secretary of State for War. 1881 – The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated by Act of Parliament at Ottawa (44th Vic., c.1). 1899 – Iceland's first football club, Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur, is founded.[3] 1900 – The Southern Cross expedition led by Carsten Borchgrevink achieved a new Farthest South of 78° 50'S, making the first landing at the Great Ice Barrier.[4]1918 – The Council of Lithuania unanimously adopts the Act of Independence, declaring Lithuania an independent state.[5] 1923 – Howard Carter unseals the burial chamber of Pharaoh Tutankhamun.[6] 1930 – The Romanian Football Federation joins FIFA. 1934 – The Austrian Civil War ends with the defeat of the Social Democrats and the Republikanischer Schutzbund. 1936 – The Popular Front wins the 1936 Spanish general election. 1937 – Wallace H. Carothers receives a United States patent for nylon.[7] 1940 – World War II: Altmark incident: The German tanker Altmark is boarded by sailors from the British destroyer HMS Cossack. A total of 299 British prisoners are freed. 1942 – World War II: In Athens, the Greek People's Liberation Army is established[8] 1942 – World War II: Attack on Aruba, first World War II German shots fired on a land based object in the Americas.[9] 1943 – World War II: In the early phases of the Third Battle of Kharkov, Red Army troops re-enter the city. 1945 – World War II: American forces land on Corregidor Island in the Philippines. 1945 – The Alaska Equal Rights Act of 1945, the first anti-discrimination law in the United States, was signed into law.[10] 1959 – Fidel Castro becomes Premier of Cuba after dictator Fulgencio Batista was overthrown on January 1. 1960 – The U.S. Navy submarine USS Triton begins Operation Sandblast, setting sail from New London, Connecticut, to begin the first submerged circumnavigation of the globe. 1961 – Explorer program: Explorer 9 (S-56a) is launched. 1962 – The Great Sheffield Gale impacts the United Kingdom, killing nine people; the city of Sheffield is devastated, with 150,000 homes damaged.[11] 1962 – Flooding in the coastal areas of West Germany kills 315 and destroys the homes of about 60,000 people. 1968 – In Haleyville, Alabama, the first 9-1-1 emergency telephone system goes into service. 1968 – Civil Air Transport Flight 010 crashes near Shongshan Airport in Taiwan, killing 21 of the 63 people on board and one more on the ground.[12] 1978 – The first computer bulletin board system is created (CBBS in Chicago). 1983 – The Ash Wednesday bushfires in Victoria and South Australia kill 75. 1985 – Hezbollah is founded. 1986 – The Soviet liner MS Mikhail Lermontov runs aground in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. 1986 – China Airlines Flight 2265 crashes into the Pacific Ocean near Penghu Airport in Taiwan, killing all 13 aboard.[13] 1991 – Nicaraguan Contras leader Enrique Bermúdez is assassinated in Managua. 1996 – A Chicago-bound Amtrak train, the Capitol Limited, collides with a MARC commuter train bound for Washington, D.C., killing 11 people.[14] 1998 – China Airlines Flight 676 crashes into a road and residential area near Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taiwan, killing all 196 aboard and six more on the ground. 2000 – Emery Worldwide Airlines Flight 17 crashes near Sacramento Mather Airport in Rancho Cordova, California, killing all three aboard.[15] 2005 – The Kyoto Protocol comes into force, following its ratification by Russia. 2005 – The National Hockey League cancels the entire 2004–05 regular season and playoffs. 2006 – The last Mobile army surgical hospital (MASH) is decommissioned by the United States Army. 2013 – A bomb blast at a market in Hazara Town, Quetta, Pakistan kills more than 80 people and injures 190 others. 2021 – Five thousand people gathered in the town of Kherrata, Bejaia Province to mark the second anniversary of the Hirak protest movement. Demonstrations had been suspended because of the COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria.[16]1222 – Nichiren, founder of Nichiren Buddhism (d. 1282)[17] 1304 – Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür, Chinese emperor (d. 1332) 1331 – Coluccio Salutati, Italian political leader (d. 1406)[18] 1419 – John I, Duke of Cleves (d. 1481) 1470 – Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1540)[19] 1471 – Krishnadevaraya, emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire (d. 1529) 1497 – Philip Melanchthon, German astronomer, theologian, and academic (d. 1560)[20] 1514 – Georg Joachim Rheticus, Austrian cartographer and instrument maker (d. 1574)[21] 1519 – Gaspard II de Coligny, French admiral (d. 1572) 1543 – Kanō Eitoku, Japanese painter and educator (d. 1590)1620 – Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1688) 1643 – John Sharp, English archbishop (d. 1714) 1698 – Pierre Bouguer, French mathematician, geophysicist, and astronomer (d. 1758) 1727 – Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Austrian botanist, chemist, and mycologist (d. 1817) 1740 – Giambattista Bodoni, Italian publisher and engraver (d. 1813) 1761 – Jean-Charles Pichegru, French general (d. 1804)[22] 1774 – Pierre Rode, French violinist and composer (d. 1830) 1786 – Maria Pavlovna, Russian Grand Duchess (d. 1859) 1802 – Phineas Quimby, American mystic and philosopher (d. 1866) 1804 – Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold, German physiologist and zoologist (d. 1885) 1812 – Henry Wilson, American colonel and politician, 18th Vice President of the United States (d. 1875) 1821 – Heinrich Barth, German explorer and scholar (d. 1865)[23] 1822 – Francis Galton, English biologist and statistician (d. 1911) 1824 – Peter Kosler, Slovenian lawyer, geographer, and cartographer (d. 1879) 1826 – Joseph Victor von Scheffel, German poet and author (d. 1886) 1830 – Lars Hertervig, Norwegian painter (d. 1902) 1831 – Nikolai Leskov, Russian author, playwright, and journalist (d. 1895) 1834 – Ernst Haeckel, German biologist, physician, and philosopher (d. 1919) 1838 – Henry Adams, American journalist, historian, and author (d. 1918) 1841 – Armand Guillaumin, French painter (d. 1927) 1843 – Henry M. Leland, American engineer and businessman, founded Cadillac and Lincoln (d. 1932) 1845 – George Kennan, American journalist and explorer (d. 1924) 1848 – Hugo de Vries, Dutch botanist, geneticist, and academic (d. 1935) 1848 – Octave Mirbeau, French journalist, novelist, and playwright (d. 1917) 1856 – Ossian Everett Mills, American academic, founded Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia (d. 1920) 1866 – Billy Hamilton, American baseball player and manager (d. 1940) 1873 – Radoje Domanović, Serbian journalist and author (d. 1908) 1876 – G. M. Trevelyan, English historian and academic (d. 1962) 1877 – Tom Crean, Irish seaman and Antarctic explorer (d. 1938)[24] 1878 – Pamela Colman Smith, English occultist and illustrator (d. 1951) 1878 – James Colosimo, Italian-American mob boss (d. 1920) 1884 – Robert J. Flaherty, American director and producer (d. 1951) 1887 – Kathleen Clifford, American actress (d. 1962) 1891 – Hans F. K. Günther, German eugenicist and academic (d. 1968) 1893 – Katharine Cornell, American actress and producer (d. 1974) 1896 – Eugénie Blanchard, French super-centenarian (d. 2010)1901 – Wayne King, American singer-songwriter and conductor (d. 1985) 1901 – Chester Morris, American actor (d. 1970)[25] 1902 – Cyril Vincent, South African cricketer (d. 1968) 1903 – Edgar Bergen, American ventriloquist and actor (d. 1978) 1904 – James Baskett, American actor and singer (d. 1948)[26] 1904 – George F. Kennan, American historian and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union (d. 2005) 1905 – Henrietta Barnett, English Women's Royal Air Force officer (d. 1985)[27] 1906 – Vera Menchik, Russian-Czechoslovak-British chess player (d. 1944) 1909 – Hugh Beaumont, American actor and director (d. 1982)[28] 1909 – Richard McDonald, American businessman, co-founded McDonald's (d. 1998) 1914 – Jimmy Wakely, American country music singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1982) 1916 – Bill Doggett, American pianist and c</pre></body></html>
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><body><pre>904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher.[1] 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler of the Buyid Empire. He is succeeded by al-Muti as caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate.[2]1814 – War of the Sixth Coalition: France engages Russia and Prussia in the Battle of Brienne.[3] 1819 – Stamford Raffles lands on the island of Singapore.[4] 1845 – "The Raven" is published in The Evening Mirror in New York, the first publication with the name of the author, Edgar Allan Poe.[5] 1850 – Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the U.S. Congress.[6] 1856 – Queen Victoria issues a Warrant under the Royal sign-manual that establishes the Victoria Cross to recognise acts of valour by British military personnel during the Crimean War.[7] 1861 – Kansas is admitted as the 34th U.S. state.[8] 1863 – The Bear River Massacre: A detachment of California Volunteers led by Colonel Patrick Edward Connor engage the Shoshone at Bear River, Washington Territory, killing hundreds of men, women and children.[9] 1886 – Karl Benz patents the first successful gasoline-driven automobile.[10] 1891 – Liliʻuokalani is proclaimed the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii.[11]1907 – Charles Curtis of Kansas becomes the first Native American U.S. Senator.[12] 1911 – Mexican Revolution: Mexicali is captured by the Mexican Liberal Party, igniting the Magonista rebellion of 1911.[13] 1918 – Ukrainian–Soviet War: The Bolshevik Red Army, on its way to besiege Kyiv, is met by a small group of military students at the Battle of Kruty.[14] 1918 – Ukrainian–Soviet War: An armed uprising organized by the Bolsheviks in anticipation of the encroaching Red Army begins at the Kiev Arsenal, which will be put down six days later.[15] 1936 – The first inductees into the Baseball Hall of Fame are announced.[16] 1940 – Three trains on the Nishinari Line; present Sakurajima Line, in Osaka, Japan, collide and explode while approaching Ajikawaguchi Station. One hundred and eighty-one people are killed.[17] 1943 – World War II: The first day of the Battle of Rennell Island, USS Chicago (CA-29) is torpedoed and heavily damaged by Japanese bombers.[18] 1944 – World War II: Approximately 38 people are killed and about a dozen injured when the Polish village of Koniuchy (present-day Kaniūkai, Lithuania) is attacked by Soviet partisan units.[19] 1944 – World War II: In Bologna, Italy, the Anatomical theatre of the Archiginnasio is completely destroyed in an air-raid.[20] 1959 – The first Melodifestivalen is held at Cirkus in Stockholm, Sweden.[21] 1965 – Hakametsä, the first ice rink of Finland, is inaugurated in Tampere.[22] 1973 – EgyptAir Flight 741 crashes into the Kyrenia Mountains in Cyprus, killing 37 people.[23] 1983 – Singapore cable car crash: Panamanian-registered oil rig, Eniwetok, strikes the cables of the Singapore Cable Car system linking the mainland and Sentosa Island, causing two cabins to fall into the water and killing seven people and leaving thirteen others trapped for hours.[24] 1989 – Cold War: Hungary establishes diplomatic relations with South Korea, making it the first Eastern Bloc nation to do so.[25] 1991 – Gulf War: The Battle of Khafji, the first major ground engagement of the war, as well as its deadliest, begins between Iraq and Saudi Arabia.[26] 1996 – President Jacques Chirac announces a "definitive end" to French nuclear weapons testing.[27] 2001 – Thousands of student protesters in Indonesia storm parliament and demand that President Abdurrahman Wahid resign due to alleged involvement in corruption scandals.[28] 2002 – In his State of the Union address, President George W. Bush describes "regimes that sponsor terror" as an Axis of evil, in which he includes Iraq, Iran and North Korea.[29] 2005 – The first direct commercial flights from mainland China (from Guangzhou) to Taiwan since 1949 arrived in Taipei. Shortly afterwards, a China Airlines flight lands in Beijing.[30] 2008 – An Egyptian court rules that people who do not adhere to one of the three government-recognised religions, while not allowed to list any belief outside of those three, are still eligible to receive government identity documents.[31] 2009 – Governor of Illinois Rod Blagojevich is removed from office following his conviction of several corruption charges, including solicitation of personal benefit in exchange for an appointment to the United States Senate as a replacement for then-U.S. president-elect Barack Obama.[32] 2013 – SCAT Airlines Flight 760 crashes near the Kazakh city of Almaty, killing 21 people.[33] 2014 – Rojava conflict: The Afrin Canton declares its autonomy from the Syrian Arab Republic.[34] 2017 – A gunman opens fire at the Islamic Cultural Centre of Quebec City, killing six people and wounding 19 others in a spree shooting.[35]1455 – Johann Reuchlin, German-born humanist and scholar (d. 1522)[36] 1475 – Giuliano Bugiardini, Italian painter (d. 1555)[37] 1499 – Katharina von Bora, wife of Martin Luther; formerly a Roman Catholic nun (d. 1552)[38] 1525 – Lelio Sozzini, Italian humanist and reformer (d. 1562)[39] 1584 – Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (d. 1647)[40] 1591 – Franciscus Junius, German pioneer philologist (d. 1677)[41]1602 – Countess Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1651)[42] 1632 – Johann Georg Graevius, German scholar and critic (d. 1703)[43] 1688 – Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedish astronomer, philosopher, and theologian (d. 1772)[44] 1711 – Giuseppe Bonno, Austrian composer (d. 1788)[45] 1715 – Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian organist and composer (d. 1777)[46] 1717 – Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, English field marshal and politician, 19th Governor General of Canada (d. 1797)[47] 1718 – Paul Rabaut, French pastor (d. 1794)[48] 1737 – Thomas Paine, English-American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary (d. 1809)[49] 1749 – Christian VII of Denmark (d. 1808)[50] 1754 – Moses Cleaveland, American general, lawyer, and politician, founded Cleveland, Ohio (d. 1806)[51] 1756 – Henry Lee III, American general and politician, 9th Governor of Virginia (d. 1818)[52] 1761 – Albert Gallatin, Swiss-American ethnologist, linguist, and politician, 4th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1849)[53] 1782 – Daniel Auber, French composer (d. 1871)[54] 1792 – Lemuel H. Arnold, American politician (d. 1852)[55] 1801 – Johannes Bernardus van Bree, Dutch violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1857)[56] 1810 – Ernst Kummer, Polish-German mathematician and academic (d. 1893)[57] 1810 – Mary Whitwell Hale, American teacher, school founder, and hymnwriter (d. 1862)[58] 1843 – William McKinley, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 25th President of the United States (d. 1901)[59] 1846 – Karol Olszewski, Polish chemist, mathematician and physicist (d. 1915)[60] 1852 – Frederic Hymen Cowen, Jamaican-English pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1935)[61] 1858 – Henry Ward Ranger, American painter and academic (d. 1916)[62] 1860 – Anton Chekhov, Russian playwright and short story writer (d. 1904)[63] 1861 – Florida Ruffin Ridley, American civil rights activist, teacher, editor, and writer (d. 1943)[64] 1862 – Frederick Delius, English composer (d. 1934)[65] 1864 – Richard Arman Gregory, British astronomer (d. 1952)[66] 1866 – Romain Rolland, French historian, author, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1944)[67] 1867 – Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, Spanish journalist and author (d. 1928)[68] 1874 – John D. Rockefeller Jr., American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1960)[69] 1876 – Havergal Brian, English composer (d. 1972)[70] 1880 – W. C. Fields, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter (d. 1946)[71] 1881 – Alice Catherine Evans, American microbiologist (d. 1975)[72] 1884 – Juhan Aavik, Estonian-Swedish composer and conductor (d. 1982)[73] 1886 – Karl Freudenberg, German chemist (d. 1983)[74] 1888 – Sydney Chapman, English mathematician and geophysicist (d. 1970)[75] 1888 – Wellington Koo, Chinese statesman (d. 1985)[76] 1892 – Ernst Lubitsch, German American film director, producer, writer, and actor (d. 1947)[77] 1895 – Muna Lee, American poet and author (d. 1965)[78]1901 – Allen B. DuMont, American engineer and broadcaster, founded the DuMont Television Network (d. 1965)[79] 1901 – E. P. Taylor, Canadian businessman and horse breeder (d. 1989)[80] 1905 – Barnett Newman, American painter and etcher (d. 1970)[81] 1913 – Victor Mature, American actor (d. 1999)[82] 1915 – Bill Peet, American author and illustrator (d. 2002)[83] 1915 – John Serry Sr., Italian-American concert accordionist and composer (d. 2003)[84][85] 1916 – Roy Markham, British plant virologist (d. 1979)[86] 1917 – John Raitt, American actor and singer (d. 2005)[87] 1918 – John Forsythe, American actor (d. 2010)[88] 1920 – Paul Gayten, American R&B pianist, songwriter, producer, and record company executive</pre></body></html>
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><body><pre>43 BC – Marcus Tullius Cicero is assassinated in Formia on orders of Marcus Antonius.[1] 574 – Byzantine Emperor Justin II, suffering recurring seizures of insanity, adopts his general Tiberius and proclaims him as Caesar.[2] 927 – The Sajid emir of Adharbayjan, Yusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj is defeated and captured by the Qarmatians near Kufa.[3]1703 – The Great Storm of 1703, the greatest windstorm ever recorded in the southern part of Great Britain, makes landfall. Winds gust up to 120 mph, and 9,000 people die. 1724 – Tumult of Thorn: Religious unrest is followed by the execution of nine Protestant citizens and the mayor of Thorn (Toruń) by Polish authorities. 1732 – The Royal Opera House opens at Covent Garden, London, England. 1776 – Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, arranges to enter the American military as a major general. 1787 – Delaware becomes the first state to ratify the United States Constitution. 1837 – The Battle of Montgomery's Tavern, the only battle of the Upper Canada Rebellion, takes place in Toronto, where the rebels are quickly defeated.[4] 1842 – First concert of the New York Philharmonic, founded by Ureli Corelli Hill.1904 – Comparative fuel trials begin between warships HMS Spiteful and HMS Peterel: Spiteful was the first warship powered solely by fuel oil, and the trials led to the obsolescence of coal in ships of the Royal Navy. 1917 – World War I: The United States declares war on Austria-Hungary. 1922 – The Parliament of Northern Ireland votes to remain a part of the United Kingdom and not unify with Southern Ireland. 1930 – W1XAV in Boston, Massachusetts telecasts video from the CBS radio orchestra program, The Fox Trappers. The telecast also includes the first television advertisement in the United States, for I.J. Fox Furriers, which also sponsored the radio show. 1932 – German-born Swiss physicist Albert Einstein is granted an American visa. 1936 – Australian cricketer Jack Fingleton becomes the first player to score centuries in four consecutive Test innings. 1941 – World War II: Attack on Pearl Harbor: The Imperial Japanese Navy carries out a surprise attack on the United States Pacific Fleet and its defending Army and Marine air forces at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. (For Japan's near-simultaneous attacks on Eastern Hemisphere targets, see December 8.) 1942 – World War II: British commandos conduct Operation Frankton, a raid on shipping in Bordeaux harbour. 1944 – An earthquake along the coast of Wakayama Prefecture in Japan causes a tsunami which kills 1,223 people.[5] 1946 – A fire at the Winecoff Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia kills 119 people, the deadliest hotel fire in U.S. history. 1949 – Chinese Civil War: The Government of the Republic of China moves from Nanjing to Taipei, Taiwan. 1962 – Prince Rainier III of Monaco revises the principality's constitution, devolving some of his power to advisory and legislative councils. 1963 – Instant replay makes its debut during the Army-Navy football game in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. 1965 – Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I simultaneously revoke mutual excommunications that had been in place since 1054. 1971 – The Battle of Sylhet is fought between the Pakistani military and the Indian Army.[6] 1971 – Pakistan President Yahya Khan announces the formation of a coalition government with Nurul Amin as Prime Minister and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as Deputy Prime Minister. 1972 – Apollo 17, the last Apollo Moon mission, is launched.[7] The crew takes the photograph known as The Blue Marble as they leave the Earth.[8] 1982 – In Texas, Charles Brooks Jr., becomes the first person to be executed by lethal injection in the United States. 1982 – The Senior Road Tower collapses in less than 17 seconds. Five workers on the tower are killed and three workers on a building nearby are injured.[9][10] 1983 – An Iberia Airlines Boeing 727 collides with an Aviaco DC-9 in dense fog while the two airliners are taxiing down the runway at Madrid–Barajas Airport, killing 93 people. 1987 – Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771, a British Aerospace 146-200A, crashes near Paso Robles, California, killing all 43 on board, after a disgruntled passenger shoots his ex-boss traveling on the flight, then shoots both pilots and steers the plane into the ground. 1988 – The 6.8 Ms  Armenian earthquake shakes the northern part of the country with a maximum MSK intensity of X (Devastating), killing 25,000–50,000 and injuring 31,000–130,000. 1993 – Long Island Rail Road shooting: Passenger Colin Ferguson murders six people and injures 19 others on the LIRR in Nassau County, New York. 1995 – The Galileo spacecraft arrives at Jupiter, a little more than six years after it was launched by Space Shuttle Atlantis during Mission STS-34. 1995 – Khabarovsk United Air Group Flight 3949 crashes into the Bo-Dzhausa Mountain, killing 98.[11] 1995 – An Air Saint Martin (now Air Caraïbes) Beechcraft 1900 crashes near the Haitian commune of Belle Anse, killing 20.[12] 2003 – The Conservative Party of Canada is officially registered, following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. 2005 – Rigoberto Alpizar, a passenger on American Airlines Flight 924 who allegedly claimed to have a bomb, is shot and killed by a team of U.S. federal air marshals at Miami International Airport. 2015 – The JAXA probe Akatsuki successfully enters orbit around Venus five years after the first attempt. 2016 – Pakistan International Airlines Flight 661, a domestic passenger flight from Chitral to Islamabad, operated by an ATR-42-500 crashes near Havelian, killing all 47 on board. 2017 – Aztec High School shooting: Former student William Atchison opens fire on former high school, killing 2.521 – Columba, Irish missionary, monk, and saint (d. 597) 903 – Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, Persian astronomer and author (d. 986) 967 – Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr, Persian Sufi poet (d. 1049) 1302 – Azzone Visconti, Italian nobleman (d. 1339) 1532 – Louis I, German nobleman and politician (d. 1605) 1545 – Henry Stuart, English-Scottish husband of Mary, Queen of Scots (d. 1567) 1561 – Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese daimyō (d. 1625) 1595 – Injo of Joseon, Korean king (d. 1649) 1598 – Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Italian sculptor and painter (d. 1680)1643 – Giovanni Battista Falda, Italian architect and engraver (d. 1678) 1637 – Bernardo Pasquini, Italian organist and composer (d. 1710) 1756 – John Littlejohn, American sheriff and Methodist preacher (d. 1836)[13] 1764 – Claude Victor-Perrin, French general and politician (d. 1841) 1784 – Allan Cunningham, Scottish author and poet (d. 1842) 1791 – Ferenc Novák, Hungarian-Slovene priest and poet (d. 1836) 1792 – Abraham Jacob van der Aa, Dutch author and academic (d. 1857) 1801 – Johann Nestroy, Austrian actor and playwright (d. 1862) 1810 – Josef Hyrtl, Hungarian-Austrian anatomist and biologist (d. 1894) 1810 – Theodor Schwann, German physiologist and biologist (d. 1882) 1823 – Leopold Kronecker, Polish-German mathematician and academic (d. 1891) 1838 – Thomas Bent, Australian businessman and politician, 22nd Premier of Victoria (d. 1909) 1860 – Joseph Cook, English-born Australian politician, 6th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1947) 1861 – Henri Mathias Berthelot, French general during World War I (d. 1931) 1862 – Paul Adam, French author (d. 1920) 1863 – Felix Calonder, Swiss soldier and politician, 36th President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1952) 1863 – Pietro Mascagni, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1945) 1863 – Richard Warren Sears, American businessman, co-founded Sears (d. 1914) 1869 – Frank Laver, Australian cricketer (d. 1919) 1873 – Willa Cather, American novelist, short story writer, and poet (d. 1947) 1878 – Akiko Yosano, Japanese author, poet, pioneering feminist, pacifist, and social reformer (d. 1942) 1879 – Rudolf Friml, Czech-American pianist, composer, and academic (d. 1972) 1884 – John Carpenter, American sprinter (d. 1933) 1885 – Mason Phelps, American golfer (d. 1945) 1885 – Peter Sturholdt, American boxer and painter (d. 1919) 1887 – Ernst Toch, Austrian-American composer and songwriter (d. 1964) 1888 – Joyce Cary, Irish novelist (d. 1957)[14] 1888 – Hamilton Fish III, American captain and politician (d. 1991) 1892 – Stuart Davis, American painter and academic (d. 1964) 1893 – Fay Bainter, American actress (d. 1968) 1893 – Hermann Balck, German general (d. 1982) 1894 – Freddie Adkins, English author and illustrator (d. 1986) 1900 – Kateryna Vasylivna Bilokur, Ukrainian folk artist (d. 1961)1902 – Hilda Taba, Estonian architect, author, and educator (d. 1967) 1903 – Danilo Blanuša, Croatian mathematician, physicist, and academic (d. 1987) 1904 – Clarence Nash, American voice actor and singer (d. 1985) 1905 – Gerard Kuiper, Dutch-American astronomer and academic (d. 1973)[15] 1906 – Erika Fuchs, German translator (d. 2005)[16] 1907 – Fred Rose, Polish-Canadian politician and spy (d. 1983) 1909 – Nikola Vaptsarov,</pre></body></html>
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1/3/2024, 3:09:16 AM

Cosmic Galaxiescosmicgalaxies5 mo. ago
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><body><pre>1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire. 1270 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of Karuse.1630 – Dutch forces led by Hendrick Lonck capture Olinda in what was to become part of Dutch Brazil. 1646 – Battle of Torrington, Devon: The last major battle of the First English Civil War. 1699 – First Leopoldine Diploma is issued by the Holy Roman Emperor, recognizing the Greek Catholic clergy enjoyed the same privileges as Roman Catholic priests in the Principality of Transylvania. 1742 – Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington, becomes British Prime Minister.[1] 1796 – Colombo in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) falls to the British, completing their invasion of Ceylon.[2] 1804 – First Barbary War: Stephen Decatur leads a raid to burn the pirate-held frigate USS Philadelphia. 1862 – American Civil War: General Ulysses S. Grant captures Fort Donelson, Tennessee. 1866 – Spencer Compton Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington becomes British Secretary of State for War. 1881 – The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated by Act of Parliament at Ottawa (44th Vic., c.1). 1899 – Iceland's first football club, Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur, is founded.[3] 1900 – The Southern Cross expedition led by Carsten Borchgrevink achieved a new Farthest South of 78° 50'S, making the first landing at the Great Ice Barrier.[4]1918 – The Council of Lithuania unanimously adopts the Act of Independence, declaring Lithuania an independent state.[5] 1923 – Howard Carter unseals the burial chamber of Pharaoh Tutankhamun.[6] 1930 – The Romanian Football Federation joins FIFA. 1934 – The Austrian Civil War ends with the defeat of the Social Democrats and the Republikanischer Schutzbund. 1936 – The Popular Front wins the 1936 Spanish general election. 1937 – Wallace H. Carothers receives a United States patent for nylon.[7] 1940 – World War II: Altmark incident: The German tanker Altmark is boarded by sailors from the British destroyer HMS Cossack. A total of 299 British prisoners are freed. 1942 – World War II: In Athens, the Greek People's Liberation Army is established[8] 1942 – World War II: Attack on Aruba, first World War II German shots fired on a land based object in the Americas.[9] 1943 – World War II: In the early phases of the Third Battle of Kharkov, Red Army troops re-enter the city. 1945 – World War II: American forces land on Corregidor Island in the Philippines. 1945 – The Alaska Equal Rights Act of 1945, the first anti-discrimination law in the United States, was signed into law.[10] 1959 – Fidel Castro becomes Premier of Cuba after dictator Fulgencio Batista was overthrown on January 1. 1960 – The U.S. Navy submarine USS Triton begins Operation Sandblast, setting sail from New London, Connecticut, to begin the first submerged circumnavigation of the globe. 1961 – Explorer program: Explorer 9 (S-56a) is launched. 1962 – The Great Sheffield Gale impacts the United Kingdom, killing nine people; the city of Sheffield is devastated, with 150,000 homes damaged.[11] 1962 – Flooding in the coastal areas of West Germany kills 315 and destroys the homes of about 60,000 people. 1968 – In Haleyville, Alabama, the first 9-1-1 emergency telephone system goes into service. 1968 – Civil Air Transport Flight 010 crashes near Shongshan Airport in Taiwan, killing 21 of the 63 people on board and one more on the ground.[12] 1978 – The first computer bulletin board system is created (CBBS in Chicago). 1983 – The Ash Wednesday bushfires in Victoria and South Australia kill 75. 1985 – Hezbollah is founded. 1986 – The Soviet liner MS Mikhail Lermontov runs aground in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. 1986 – China Airlines Flight 2265 crashes into the Pacific Ocean near Penghu Airport in Taiwan, killing all 13 aboard.[13] 1991 – Nicaraguan Contras leader Enrique Bermúdez is assassinated in Managua. 1996 – A Chicago-bound Amtrak train, the Capitol Limited, collides with a MARC commuter train bound for Washington, D.C., killing 11 people.[14] 1998 – China Airlines Flight 676 crashes into a road and residential area near Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taiwan, killing all 196 aboard and six more on the ground. 2000 – Emery Worldwide Airlines Flight 17 crashes near Sacramento Mather Airport in Rancho Cordova, California, killing all three aboard.[15] 2005 – The Kyoto Protocol comes into force, following its ratification by Russia. 2005 – The National Hockey League cancels the entire 2004–05 regular season and playoffs. 2006 – The last Mobile army surgical hospital (MASH) is decommissioned by the United States Army. 2013 – A bomb blast at a market in Hazara Town, Quetta, Pakistan kills more than 80 people and injures 190 others. 2021 – Five thousand people gathered in the town of Kherrata, Bejaia Province to mark the second anniversary of the Hirak protest movement. Demonstrations had been suspended because of the COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria.[16]1222 – Nichiren, founder of Nichiren Buddhism (d. 1282)[17] 1304 – Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür, Chinese emperor (d. 1332) 1331 – Coluccio Salutati, Italian political leader (d. 1406)[18] 1419 – John I, Duke of Cleves (d. 1481) 1470 – Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1540)[19] 1471 – Krishnadevaraya, emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire (d. 1529) 1497 – Philip Melanchthon, German astronomer, theologian, and academic (d. 1560)[20] 1514 – Georg Joachim Rheticus, Austrian cartographer and instrument maker (d. 1574)[21] 1519 – Gaspard II de Coligny, French admiral (d. 1572) 1543 – Kanō Eitoku, Japanese painter and educator (d. 1590)1620 – Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1688) 1643 – John Sharp, English archbishop (d. 1714) 1698 – Pierre Bouguer, French mathematician, geophysicist, and astronomer (d. 1758) 1727 – Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Austrian botanist, chemist, and mycologist (d. 1817) 1740 – Giambattista Bodoni, Italian publisher and engraver (d. 1813) 1761 – Jean-Charles Pichegru, French general (d. 1804)[22] 1774 – Pierre Rode, French violinist and composer (d. 1830) 1786 – Maria Pavlovna, Russian Grand Duchess (d. 1859) 1802 – Phineas Quimby, American mystic and philosopher (d. 1866) 1804 – Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold, German physiologist and zoologist (d. 1885) 1812 – Henry Wilson, American colonel and politician, 18th Vice President of the United States (d. 1875) 1821 – Heinrich Barth, German explorer and scholar (d. 1865)[23] 1822 – Francis Galton, English biologist and statistician (d. 1911) 1824 – Peter Kosler, Slovenian lawyer, geographer, and cartographer (d. 1879) 1826 – Joseph Victor von Scheffel, German poet and author (d. 1886) 1830 – Lars Hertervig, Norwegian painter (d. 1902) 1831 – Nikolai Leskov, Russian author, playwright, and journalist (d. 1895) 1834 – Ernst Haeckel, German biologist, physician, and philosopher (d. 1919) 1838 – Henry Adams, American journalist, historian, and author (d. 1918) 1841 – Armand Guillaumin, French painter (d. 1927) 1843 – Henry M. Leland, American engineer and businessman, founded Cadillac and Lincoln (d. 1932) 1845 – George Kennan, American journalist and explorer (d. 1924) 1848 – Hugo de Vries, Dutch botanist, geneticist, and academic (d. 1935) 1848 – Octave Mirbeau, French journalist, novelist, and playwright (d. 1917) 1856 – Ossian Everett Mills, American academic, founded Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia (d. 1920) 1866 – Billy Hamilton, American baseball player and manager (d. 1940) 1873 – Radoje Domanović, Serbian journalist and author (d. 1908) 1876 – G. M. Trevelyan, English historian and academic (d. 1962) 1877 – Tom Crean, Irish seaman and Antarctic explorer (d. 1938)[24] 1878 – Pamela Colman Smith, English occultist and illustrator (d. 1951) 1878 – James Colosimo, Italian-American mob boss (d. 1920) 1884 – Robert J. Flaherty, American director and producer (d. 1951) 1887 – Kathleen Clifford, American actress (d. 1962) 1891 – Hans F. K. Günther, German eugenicist and academic (d. 1968) 1893 – Katharine Cornell, American actress and producer (d. 1974) 1896 – Eugénie Blanchard, French super-centenarian (d. 2010)1901 – Wayne King, American singer-songwriter and conductor (d. 1985) 1901 – Chester Morris, American actor (d. 1970)[25] 1902 – Cyril Vincent, South African cricketer (d. 1968) 1903 – Edgar Bergen, American ventriloquist and actor (d. 1978) 1904 – James Baskett, American actor and singer (d. 1948)[26] 1904 – George F. Kennan, American historian and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union (d. 2005) 1905 – Henrietta Barnett, English Women's Royal Air Force officer (d. 1985)[27] 1906 – Vera Menchik, Russian-Czechoslovak-British chess player (d. 1944) 1909 – Hugh Beaumont, American actor and director (d. 1982)[28] 1909 – Richard McDonald, American businessman, co-founded McDonald's (d. 1998) 1914 – Jimmy Wakely, American country music singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1982) 1916 – Bill Doggett, American pianist and c</pre></body></html>
csshshcsshsh6 mo. ago
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><body><pre>904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher.[1] 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler of the Buyid Empire. He is succeeded by al-Muti as caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate.[2]1814 – War of the Sixth Coalition: France engages Russia and Prussia in the Battle of Brienne.[3] 1819 – Stamford Raffles lands on the island of Singapore.[4] 1845 – "The Raven" is published in The Evening Mirror in New York, the first publication with the name of the author, Edgar Allan Poe.[5] 1850 – Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the U.S. Congress.[6] 1856 – Queen Victoria issues a Warrant under the Royal sign-manual that establishes the Victoria Cross to recognise acts of valour by British military personnel during the Crimean War.[7] 1861 – Kansas is admitted as the 34th U.S. state.[8] 1863 – The Bear River Massacre: A detachment of California Volunteers led by Colonel Patrick Edward Connor engage the Shoshone at Bear River, Washington Territory, killing hundreds of men, women and children.[9] 1886 – Karl Benz patents the first successful gasoline-driven automobile.[10] 1891 – Liliʻuokalani is proclaimed the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii.[11]1907 – Charles Curtis of Kansas becomes the first Native American U.S. Senator.[12] 1911 – Mexican Revolution: Mexicali is captured by the Mexican Liberal Party, igniting the Magonista rebellion of 1911.[13] 1918 – Ukrainian–Soviet War: The Bolshevik Red Army, on its way to besiege Kyiv, is met by a small group of military students at the Battle of Kruty.[14] 1918 – Ukrainian–Soviet War: An armed uprising organized by the Bolsheviks in anticipation of the encroaching Red Army begins at the Kiev Arsenal, which will be put down six days later.[15] 1936 – The first inductees into the Baseball Hall of Fame are announced.[16] 1940 – Three trains on the Nishinari Line; present Sakurajima Line, in Osaka, Japan, collide and explode while approaching Ajikawaguchi Station. One hundred and eighty-one people are killed.[17] 1943 – World War II: The first day of the Battle of Rennell Island, USS Chicago (CA-29) is torpedoed and heavily damaged by Japanese bombers.[18] 1944 – World War II: Approximately 38 people are killed and about a dozen injured when the Polish village of Koniuchy (present-day Kaniūkai, Lithuania) is attacked by Soviet partisan units.[19] 1944 – World War II: In Bologna, Italy, the Anatomical theatre of the Archiginnasio is completely destroyed in an air-raid.[20] 1959 – The first Melodifestivalen is held at Cirkus in Stockholm, Sweden.[21] 1965 – Hakametsä, the first ice rink of Finland, is inaugurated in Tampere.[22] 1973 – EgyptAir Flight 741 crashes into the Kyrenia Mountains in Cyprus, killing 37 people.[23] 1983 – Singapore cable car crash: Panamanian-registered oil rig, Eniwetok, strikes the cables of the Singapore Cable Car system linking the mainland and Sentosa Island, causing two cabins to fall into the water and killing seven people and leaving thirteen others trapped for hours.[24] 1989 – Cold War: Hungary establishes diplomatic relations with South Korea, making it the first Eastern Bloc nation to do so.[25] 1991 – Gulf War: The Battle of Khafji, the first major ground engagement of the war, as well as its deadliest, begins between Iraq and Saudi Arabia.[26] 1996 – President Jacques Chirac announces a "definitive end" to French nuclear weapons testing.[27] 2001 – Thousands of student protesters in Indonesia storm parliament and demand that President Abdurrahman Wahid resign due to alleged involvement in corruption scandals.[28] 2002 – In his State of the Union address, President George W. Bush describes "regimes that sponsor terror" as an Axis of evil, in which he includes Iraq, Iran and North Korea.[29] 2005 – The first direct commercial flights from mainland China (from Guangzhou) to Taiwan since 1949 arrived in Taipei. Shortly afterwards, a China Airlines flight lands in Beijing.[30] 2008 – An Egyptian court rules that people who do not adhere to one of the three government-recognised religions, while not allowed to list any belief outside of those three, are still eligible to receive government identity documents.[31] 2009 – Governor of Illinois Rod Blagojevich is removed from office following his conviction of several corruption charges, including solicitation of personal benefit in exchange for an appointment to the United States Senate as a replacement for then-U.S. president-elect Barack Obama.[32] 2013 – SCAT Airlines Flight 760 crashes near the Kazakh city of Almaty, killing 21 people.[33] 2014 – Rojava conflict: The Afrin Canton declares its autonomy from the Syrian Arab Republic.[34] 2017 – A gunman opens fire at the Islamic Cultural Centre of Quebec City, killing six people and wounding 19 others in a spree shooting.[35]1455 – Johann Reuchlin, German-born humanist and scholar (d. 1522)[36] 1475 – Giuliano Bugiardini, Italian painter (d. 1555)[37] 1499 – Katharina von Bora, wife of Martin Luther; formerly a Roman Catholic nun (d. 1552)[38] 1525 – Lelio Sozzini, Italian humanist and reformer (d. 1562)[39] 1584 – Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (d. 1647)[40] 1591 – Franciscus Junius, German pioneer philologist (d. 1677)[41]1602 – Countess Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1651)[42] 1632 – Johann Georg Graevius, German scholar and critic (d. 1703)[43] 1688 – Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedish astronomer, philosopher, and theologian (d. 1772)[44] 1711 – Giuseppe Bonno, Austrian composer (d. 1788)[45] 1715 – Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian organist and composer (d. 1777)[46] 1717 – Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, English field marshal and politician, 19th Governor General of Canada (d. 1797)[47] 1718 – Paul Rabaut, French pastor (d. 1794)[48] 1737 – Thomas Paine, English-American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary (d. 1809)[49] 1749 – Christian VII of Denmark (d. 1808)[50] 1754 – Moses Cleaveland, American general, lawyer, and politician, founded Cleveland, Ohio (d. 1806)[51] 1756 – Henry Lee III, American general and politician, 9th Governor of Virginia (d. 1818)[52] 1761 – Albert Gallatin, Swiss-American ethnologist, linguist, and politician, 4th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1849)[53] 1782 – Daniel Auber, French composer (d. 1871)[54] 1792 – Lemuel H. Arnold, American politician (d. 1852)[55] 1801 – Johannes Bernardus van Bree, Dutch violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1857)[56] 1810 – Ernst Kummer, Polish-German mathematician and academic (d. 1893)[57] 1810 – Mary Whitwell Hale, American teacher, school founder, and hymnwriter (d. 1862)[58] 1843 – William McKinley, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 25th President of the United States (d. 1901)[59] 1846 – Karol Olszewski, Polish chemist, mathematician and physicist (d. 1915)[60] 1852 – Frederic Hymen Cowen, Jamaican-English pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1935)[61] 1858 – Henry Ward Ranger, American painter and academic (d. 1916)[62] 1860 – Anton Chekhov, Russian playwright and short story writer (d. 1904)[63] 1861 – Florida Ruffin Ridley, American civil rights activist, teacher, editor, and writer (d. 1943)[64] 1862 – Frederick Delius, English composer (d. 1934)[65] 1864 – Richard Arman Gregory, British astronomer (d. 1952)[66] 1866 – Romain Rolland, French historian, author, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1944)[67] 1867 – Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, Spanish journalist and author (d. 1928)[68] 1874 – John D. Rockefeller Jr., American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1960)[69] 1876 – Havergal Brian, English composer (d. 1972)[70] 1880 – W. C. Fields, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter (d. 1946)[71] 1881 – Alice Catherine Evans, American microbiologist (d. 1975)[72] 1884 – Juhan Aavik, Estonian-Swedish composer and conductor (d. 1982)[73] 1886 – Karl Freudenberg, German chemist (d. 1983)[74] 1888 – Sydney Chapman, English mathematician and geophysicist (d. 1970)[75] 1888 – Wellington Koo, Chinese statesman (d. 1985)[76] 1892 – Ernst Lubitsch, German American film director, producer, writer, and actor (d. 1947)[77] 1895 – Muna Lee, American poet and author (d. 1965)[78]1901 – Allen B. DuMont, American engineer and broadcaster, founded the DuMont Television Network (d. 1965)[79] 1901 – E. P. Taylor, Canadian businessman and horse breeder (d. 1989)[80] 1905 – Barnett Newman, American painter and etcher (d. 1970)[81] 1913 – Victor Mature, American actor (d. 1999)[82] 1915 – Bill Peet, American author and illustrator (d. 2002)[83] 1915 – John Serry Sr., Italian-American concert accordionist and composer (d. 2003)[84][85] 1916 – Roy Markham, British plant virologist (d. 1979)[86] 1917 – John Raitt, American actor and singer (d. 2005)[87] 1918 – John Forsythe, American actor (d. 2010)[88] 1920 – Paul Gayten, American R&B pianist, songwriter, producer, and record company executive</pre></body></html>
HaileyHailey7 mo. ago
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><body><pre>43 BC – Marcus Tullius Cicero is assassinated in Formia on orders of Marcus Antonius.[1] 574 – Byzantine Emperor Justin II, suffering recurring seizures of insanity, adopts his general Tiberius and proclaims him as Caesar.[2] 927 – The Sajid emir of Adharbayjan, Yusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj is defeated and captured by the Qarmatians near Kufa.[3]1703 – The Great Storm of 1703, the greatest windstorm ever recorded in the southern part of Great Britain, makes landfall. Winds gust up to 120 mph, and 9,000 people die. 1724 – Tumult of Thorn: Religious unrest is followed by the execution of nine Protestant citizens and the mayor of Thorn (Toruń) by Polish authorities. 1732 – The Royal Opera House opens at Covent Garden, London, England. 1776 – Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, arranges to enter the American military as a major general. 1787 – Delaware becomes the first state to ratify the United States Constitution. 1837 – The Battle of Montgomery's Tavern, the only battle of the Upper Canada Rebellion, takes place in Toronto, where the rebels are quickly defeated.[4] 1842 – First concert of the New York Philharmonic, founded by Ureli Corelli Hill.1904 – Comparative fuel trials begin between warships HMS Spiteful and HMS Peterel: Spiteful was the first warship powered solely by fuel oil, and the trials led to the obsolescence of coal in ships of the Royal Navy. 1917 – World War I: The United States declares war on Austria-Hungary. 1922 – The Parliament of Northern Ireland votes to remain a part of the United Kingdom and not unify with Southern Ireland. 1930 – W1XAV in Boston, Massachusetts telecasts video from the CBS radio orchestra program, The Fox Trappers. The telecast also includes the first television advertisement in the United States, for I.J. Fox Furriers, which also sponsored the radio show. 1932 – German-born Swiss physicist Albert Einstein is granted an American visa. 1936 – Australian cricketer Jack Fingleton becomes the first player to score centuries in four consecutive Test innings. 1941 – World War II: Attack on Pearl Harbor: The Imperial Japanese Navy carries out a surprise attack on the United States Pacific Fleet and its defending Army and Marine air forces at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. (For Japan's near-simultaneous attacks on Eastern Hemisphere targets, see December 8.) 1942 – World War II: British commandos conduct Operation Frankton, a raid on shipping in Bordeaux harbour. 1944 – An earthquake along the coast of Wakayama Prefecture in Japan causes a tsunami which kills 1,223 people.[5] 1946 – A fire at the Winecoff Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia kills 119 people, the deadliest hotel fire in U.S. history. 1949 – Chinese Civil War: The Government of the Republic of China moves from Nanjing to Taipei, Taiwan. 1962 – Prince Rainier III of Monaco revises the principality's constitution, devolving some of his power to advisory and legislative councils. 1963 – Instant replay makes its debut during the Army-Navy football game in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. 1965 – Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I simultaneously revoke mutual excommunications that had been in place since 1054. 1971 – The Battle of Sylhet is fought between the Pakistani military and the Indian Army.[6] 1971 – Pakistan President Yahya Khan announces the formation of a coalition government with Nurul Amin as Prime Minister and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as Deputy Prime Minister. 1972 – Apollo 17, the last Apollo Moon mission, is launched.[7] The crew takes the photograph known as The Blue Marble as they leave the Earth.[8] 1982 – In Texas, Charles Brooks Jr., becomes the first person to be executed by lethal injection in the United States. 1982 – The Senior Road Tower collapses in less than 17 seconds. Five workers on the tower are killed and three workers on a building nearby are injured.[9][10] 1983 – An Iberia Airlines Boeing 727 collides with an Aviaco DC-9 in dense fog while the two airliners are taxiing down the runway at Madrid–Barajas Airport, killing 93 people. 1987 – Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 1771, a British Aerospace 146-200A, crashes near Paso Robles, California, killing all 43 on board, after a disgruntled passenger shoots his ex-boss traveling on the flight, then shoots both pilots and steers the plane into the ground. 1988 – The 6.8 Ms  Armenian earthquake shakes the northern part of the country with a maximum MSK intensity of X (Devastating), killing 25,000–50,000 and injuring 31,000–130,000. 1993 – Long Island Rail Road shooting: Passenger Colin Ferguson murders six people and injures 19 others on the LIRR in Nassau County, New York. 1995 – The Galileo spacecraft arrives at Jupiter, a little more than six years after it was launched by Space Shuttle Atlantis during Mission STS-34. 1995 – Khabarovsk United Air Group Flight 3949 crashes into the Bo-Dzhausa Mountain, killing 98.[11] 1995 – An Air Saint Martin (now Air Caraïbes) Beechcraft 1900 crashes near the Haitian commune of Belle Anse, killing 20.[12] 2003 – The Conservative Party of Canada is officially registered, following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. 2005 – Rigoberto Alpizar, a passenger on American Airlines Flight 924 who allegedly claimed to have a bomb, is shot and killed by a team of U.S. federal air marshals at Miami International Airport. 2015 – The JAXA probe Akatsuki successfully enters orbit around Venus five years after the first attempt. 2016 – Pakistan International Airlines Flight 661, a domestic passenger flight from Chitral to Islamabad, operated by an ATR-42-500 crashes near Havelian, killing all 47 on board. 2017 – Aztec High School shooting: Former student William Atchison opens fire on former high school, killing 2.521 – Columba, Irish missionary, monk, and saint (d. 597) 903 – Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, Persian astronomer and author (d. 986) 967 – Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr, Persian Sufi poet (d. 1049) 1302 – Azzone Visconti, Italian nobleman (d. 1339) 1532 – Louis I, German nobleman and politician (d. 1605) 1545 – Henry Stuart, English-Scottish husband of Mary, Queen of Scots (d. 1567) 1561 – Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese daimyō (d. 1625) 1595 – Injo of Joseon, Korean king (d. 1649) 1598 – Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Italian sculptor and painter (d. 1680)1643 – Giovanni Battista Falda, Italian architect and engraver (d. 1678) 1637 – Bernardo Pasquini, Italian organist and composer (d. 1710) 1756 – John Littlejohn, American sheriff and Methodist preacher (d. 1836)[13] 1764 – Claude Victor-Perrin, French general and politician (d. 1841) 1784 – Allan Cunningham, Scottish author and poet (d. 1842) 1791 – Ferenc Novák, Hungarian-Slovene priest and poet (d. 1836) 1792 – Abraham Jacob van der Aa, Dutch author and academic (d. 1857) 1801 – Johann Nestroy, Austrian actor and playwright (d. 1862) 1810 – Josef Hyrtl, Hungarian-Austrian anatomist and biologist (d. 1894) 1810 – Theodor Schwann, German physiologist and biologist (d. 1882) 1823 – Leopold Kronecker, Polish-German mathematician and academic (d. 1891) 1838 – Thomas Bent, Australian businessman and politician, 22nd Premier of Victoria (d. 1909) 1860 – Joseph Cook, English-born Australian politician, 6th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1947) 1861 – Henri Mathias Berthelot, French general during World War I (d. 1931) 1862 – Paul Adam, French author (d. 1920) 1863 – Felix Calonder, Swiss soldier and politician, 36th President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1952) 1863 – Pietro Mascagni, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1945) 1863 – Richard Warren Sears, American businessman, co-founded Sears (d. 1914) 1869 – Frank Laver, Australian cricketer (d. 1919) 1873 – Willa Cather, American novelist, short story writer, and poet (d. 1947) 1878 – Akiko Yosano, Japanese author, poet, pioneering feminist, pacifist, and social reformer (d. 1942) 1879 – Rudolf Friml, Czech-American pianist, composer, and academic (d. 1972) 1884 – John Carpenter, American sprinter (d. 1933) 1885 – Mason Phelps, American golfer (d. 1945) 1885 – Peter Sturholdt, American boxer and painter (d. 1919) 1887 – Ernst Toch, Austrian-American composer and songwriter (d. 1964) 1888 – Joyce Cary, Irish novelist (d. 1957)[14] 1888 – Hamilton Fish III, American captain and politician (d. 1991) 1892 – Stuart Davis, American painter and academic (d. 1964) 1893 – Fay Bainter, American actress (d. 1968) 1893 – Hermann Balck, German general (d. 1982) 1894 – Freddie Adkins, English author and illustrator (d. 1986) 1900 – Kateryna Vasylivna Bilokur, Ukrainian folk artist (d. 1961)1902 – Hilda Taba, Estonian architect, author, and educator (d. 1967) 1903 – Danilo Blanuša, Croatian mathematician, physicist, and academic (d. 1987) 1904 – Clarence Nash, American voice actor and singer (d. 1985) 1905 – Gerard Kuiper, Dutch-American astronomer and academic (d. 1973)[15] 1906 – Erika Fuchs, German translator (d. 2005)[16] 1907 – Fred Rose, Polish-Canadian politician and spy (d. 1983) 1909 – Nikola Vaptsarov,</pre></body></html>
Jesus CabreraJcabrera7 mo. ago
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><body><pre>800 – A council is convened in the Vatican, at which Charlemagne is to judge the accusations against Pope Leo III.[1] 1420 – Henry V of England enters Paris alongside his father-in-law King Charles VI of France.[2] 1577 – Courtiers Christopher Hatton and Thomas Heneage are knighted by Queen Elizabeth I of England.[3][4]1640 – End of the Iberian Union: Portugal acclaims as King João IV of Portugal, ending 59 years of personal union of the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of the Philippine Dynasty. 1662 – Diarist John Evelyn records skating on the frozen lake in St James's Park, London, watched by Charles II and Queen Catherine.[5] 1768 – The former slave ship Fredensborg sinks off Tromøya in Norway. 1821 – José Núñez de Cáceres wins the independence of the Dominican Republic from Spain and names the new territory the Republic of Spanish Haiti.[6] 1822 – Pedro I is crowned Emperor of Brazil. 1824 – United States presidential election: Since no candidate received a majority of the total electoral college votes in the election, the United States House of Representatives is given the task of deciding the winner in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution.[7] 1828 – Argentine general Juan Lavalle makes a coup against governor Manuel Dorrego, beginning the Decembrist revolution. 1834 – Slavery is abolished in the Cape Colony in accordance with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833. 1862 – American Civil War: In his second State of the Union Address, President Abraham Lincoln reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery as ordered ten weeks earlier in the Emancipation Proclamation.[8] 1865 – Shaw University, the first historically black university in the southern United States, is founded in Raleigh, North Carolina. 1878 – President Rutherford B. Hayes gets the first telephone installed in the White House.[9] 1900 – Nicaragua sells canal rights to U.S. for $5 million. The canal agreement fails in March 1901. Great Britain rejects amended treaty[10]1913 – The Buenos Aires Metro, the first underground railway system in the Southern Hemisphere and in Latin America, begins operation.[11] 1913 – Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the First Balkan War, is annexed by Greece. 1918 – Transylvania unites with Romania, following the incorporation of Bessarabia (March 27) and Bukovina (November 28) and thus concluding the Great Union. 1918 – Iceland becomes a sovereign state, yet remains a part of the Danish kingdom. 1918 – The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is proclaimed. 1919 – Lady Astor becomes the first female Member of Parliament (MP) to take her seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. (She had been elected to that position on November 28.) 1924 – The National Hockey League's first United States–based franchise, the Boston Bruins, plays their first game in league play at home, at the still-extant Boston Arena indoor hockey facility.[12] 1924 – A Soviet-backed communist 1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt fails in Estonia.[13] 1934 – Sergei Kirov is assassinated, paving way for the repressive Great Purge, and Vinnytsia massacre by General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin.[14] 1939 – World War II: A day after the beginning of the Winter War in Finland, the Cajander III Cabinet resigns and is replaced by the Ryti I Cabinet, while the Finnish Parliament move from Helsinki to Kauhajoki to escape the Soviet airstrikes.[15] 1939 – The Soviet Union establishes the Finnish Democratic Republic puppet state in Terijoki.[16] 1941 – World War II: Emperor Hirohito of Japan gives his tacit approval to the decision of the imperial council to initiate war against the United States.[17] 1941 – World War II: Fiorello La Guardia, Mayor of New York City and Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, signs Administrative Order 9, creating the Civil Air Patrol. 1952 – The New York Daily News reports the news of Christine Jorgensen, the first notable case of sex reassignment surgery. 1955 – American Civil Rights Movement: In Montgomery, Alabama, seamstress Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat to a white man and is arrested for violating the city's racial segregation laws, an incident which leads to that city's bus boycott. 1958 – The Central African Republic attains self-rule within the French Union.[18] 1958 – The Our Lady of the Angels School fire in Chicago kills 92 children and three nuns. 1959 – Cold War: Opening date for signature of the Antarctic Treaty, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent. 1960 – Patrice Lumumba is arrested by Mobutu Sese Seko's men on the banks of the Sankuru River, for inciting the army to rebellion.[19] 1963 – Nagaland, became the 16th state of India.[20] 1964 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and his top-ranking advisers meet to discuss plans to bomb North Vietnam. 1969 – Vietnam War: The first draft lottery in the United States is held since World War II. 1971 – Cambodian Civil War: Khmer Rouge rebels intensify assaults on Cambodian government positions, forcing their retreat from Kompong Thmar and nearby Ba Ray. 1971 – Purge of Croatian Spring leaders starts in Yugoslavia at the meeting of the League of Communists at the Karađorđevo estate.[21] 1973 – Papua New Guinea gains self-government from Australia. 1974 – TWA Flight 514, a Boeing 727, crashes northwest of Dulles International Airport, killing all 92 people on board. 1974 – Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 6231, another Boeing 727, crashes northwest of John F. Kennedy International Airport. 1981 – Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 1308, a McDonnell Douglas MD-80, crashes in Corsica, killing all 180 people on board. 1984 – NASA conducts the Controlled Impact Demonstration, wherein an airliner is deliberately crashed in order to test technologies and gather data to help improve survivability of crashes. 1988 – World AIDS Day is proclaimed worldwide by the UN member states.[22] 1988 – Benazir Bhutto, is named as the Prime Minister of Pakistan, becoming the first female leader to lead a Muslim nation.[23] 1989 – Philippine coup attempt: The right-wing military rebel Reform the Armed Forces Movement attempts to oust Philippine President Corazon Aquino in a failed bloody coup d'état. 1989 – Cold War: East Germany's parliament abolishes the constitutional provision granting the Communist Party the leading role in the state. 1990 – Channel Tunnel sections started from the United Kingdom and France meet beneath the seabed.[24] 1991 – Cold War: Ukrainian voters overwhelmingly approve a referendum for independence from the Soviet Union. 1997 – In the Indian state of Bihar, Ranvir Sena attacks the CPI (ML) Party Unity stronghold Lakshmanpur-Bathe, killing 63 lower caste people. 1997 – Fourteen-year-old Michael Carneal opens fire at a group of students in Heath High School in West Paducah, Kentucky, killing three and injuring five.[25] 2000 – Vicente Fox Quesada is inaugurated as the president of Mexico, marking the first peaceful transfer of executive federal power to an opposing political party following a free and democratic election in Mexico's history.[26][27] 2001 – The United Russia political party was founded.[28] 2005 – As a result of the merger of the Perm Oblast and the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, a new subject of the Russian Federation, the Perm Krai, was created.[29] 2006 – The law on same-sex marriage comes into force in South Africa, legalizing same-sex marriage for the first time on the African continent.[30] 2009 – The Treaty of Lisbon entered into force in the European Union.[31] 2011 – The Alma-Ata Metro was opened.[32][33] 2018 – The Oulu Police informed the public about the first offence of the much larger child sexual exploitation in Oulu, Finland.[34] 2019 – Arsenal Women 11–1 Bristol City Women breaks the record for most goals scored in a FA Women's Super League match, with Vivianne Miedema involved in ten of the eleven Arsenal goals.[35] 2019 – The outbreak of coronavirus infection began in Wuhan.[36] 2020 – The Arecibo Telescope collapsed.[37][38]624 – Hasan ibn Ali, the second Shia Imam (d. 670)[39][40] 1081 – Louis VI, French king (d. 1137) 1083 – Anna Komnene, Byzantine physician and scholar (d. 1153)[41] 1415 – Jan Długosz, Polish historian (d. 1480)[42] 1438 – Peter II, Duke of Bourbon, son of Charles I (d. 1503) 1443 – Magdalena of France, French princess (d. 1495) 1521 – Takeda Shingen, Japanese daimyō (d. 1573) 1525 – Tadeáš Hájek, Czech physician and astronomer (d. 1600) 1530 – Bernardino Realino, Italian Jesuit (d. 1616) 1561 – Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess consort of Pomerania-Wolgast (d. 1631) 1580 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer and historian (d. 1637)1690 – Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, English lawyer and politician, Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom (d. 1764) 1709 – Franz Xa</pre></body></html>
Sebastin-3977a15a0cLiL2PAiNT9 mo. ago
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><body><pre>451 – The Chalcedonian Creed, regarding the divine and human nature of Jesus, is adopted by the Council of Chalcedon, an ecumenical council.[1] 794 – Emperor Kanmu relocates the Japanese capital to Heian-kyō (now Kyoto).[2] 906 – Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh leads a raid against the Byzantine Empire, taking 4,000–5,000 captives.[3] 1383 – The male line of the Portuguese House of Burgundy becomes extinct with the death of King Fernando, leaving only his daughter Beatrice. Rival claimants begin a period of civil war and disorder.[4]1633 – The Ming dynasty defeats the Dutch East India Company. 1707 – Four British naval vessels run aground on the Isles of Scilly because of faulty navigation. In response, the first Longitude Act is enacted in 1714. 1721 – The Russian Empire is proclaimed by Tsar Peter I after the Swedish defeat in the Great Northern War. 1724 – J. S. Bach leads the first performance of Schmücke dich, o liebe Seele (Adorn yourself, O dear soul) in Leipzig on the 20th Sunday after Trinity, based on the communion hymn of the same name.[5] 1730 – Construction of the Ladoga Canal is completed. 1739 – The War of Jenkins' Ear begins with the first attack on La Guaira. 1746 – The College of New Jersey (later renamed Princeton University) receives its charter. 1777 – American Revolutionary War: American defenders of Fort Mercer on the Delaware River repulse repeated Hessian attacks in the Battle of Red Bank. 1784 – Russia founds a colony on Kodiak Island, Alaska. 1790 – Northwest Indian War: Native American forces defeat the United States, ending the Harmar Campaign.[6] 1797 – André-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recorded parachute jump, from 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above Paris. 1836 – Sam Houston is inaugurated as the first President of the Republic of Texas. 1844 – The Millerites (followers of Baptist preacher William Miller) anticipate the end of the world in conjunction with the Second Advent of Christ. The following day becomes known as the Great Disappointment. 1859 – Spain declares war on Morocco. 1866 – A plebiscite ratifies the annexation of Veneto and Mantua to Italy, which had occurred three days before on October 19. 1875 – The first telegraphic connection in Argentina becomes operational. 1877 – The Blantyre mining disaster in Scotland kills 207 miners. 1878 – The Bramall Lane stadium sees the first rugby match played under floodlights. 1879 – Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric incandescent light bulb (lasting 13.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1⁄2 hours before burning out). 1883 – The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance of Gounod's Faust.[7] 1884 – The International Meridian Conference designates the Royal Observatory, Greenwich as the world's prime meridian. 1895 – In Paris an express train derails after overrunning the buffer stop, crossing almost 30 metres (100 ft) of concourse before crashing through a wall and falling 10 metres (33 ft) to the road below.1907 – A run on the stock of the Knickerbocker Trust Company sets events in motion that will spark the Panic of 1907. 1910 – Hawley Harvey Crippen (the first felon to be arrested with the help of radio) is convicted of poisoning his wife. 1923 – The royalist Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt fails in Greece, discrediting the monarchy and paving the way for the establishment of the Second Hellenic Republic. 1934 – In East Liverpool, Ohio, FBI agents shoot and kill notorious bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd. 1936 – Dod Orsborne, captain of the Girl Pat is convicted of its theft and imprisoned, having caused a media sensation when it went missing.[8] 1941 – World War II: French resistance member Guy Môquet and 29 other hostages are executed by the Germans in retaliation for the death of a German officer. 1943 – World War II: In the second firestorm raid on Germany, the RAF conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless. 1946 – Over twenty-two hundred engineers and technicians from eastern Germany are forced to relocate to the Soviet Union, along with their families and equipment. 1947 – The Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan begins, having started just after the partition of India. 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis: President Kennedy, after internal counsel from Dwight D. Eisenhower, announces that American reconnaissance planes have discovered Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the Communist nation. 1963 – A BAC One-Eleven prototype airliner crashes in UK with the loss of all on board. 1964 – Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, but turns down the honor. 1964 – An all-party Parliamentary Committee selects the design which will become the new official flag of Canada. 1975 – The Soviet uncrewed space mission Venera 9 lands on Venus. 1976 – Red Dye No. 4 is banned by the US Food and Drug Administration after it is discovered that it causes tumors in the bladders of dogs. 1978 – Pope John Paul II is inaugurated at the start of his pontificate.[9] 1981 – The United States Federal Labor Relations Authority votes to decertify the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) for its strike the previous August. 1983 – Two correctional officers are killed by inmates at the United States Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois. The incident inspires the Supermax model of prisons. 1987 – John Adams' opera Nixon in China premiered.[10] 1992 – Space Shuttle Columbia launches on STS-52.[11] 1997 – Danish fugitive Steen Christensen kills two police officers, Chief Constable Eero Holsti and Senior Constable Antero Palo, in Ullanlinna, Helsinki, Finland during his prison escape.[12][13] 1999 – Maurice Papon, an official in the Vichy government during World War II, is jailed for crimes against humanity. 2005 – Tropical Storm Alpha forms in the Atlantic Basin, making the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season the most active Atlantic hurricane season until surpassed by the 2020 season. 2005 – Bellview Airlines Flight 210 crashes in Nigeria, killing all 117 people on board. 2006 – A Panama Canal expansion proposal is approved by 77.8% of voters in a national referendum. 2007 – A raid on Anuradhapura Air Force Base is carried out by 21 Tamil Tiger commandos, with all except one dying in this attack. Eight Sri Lanka Air Force planes are destroyed and ten damaged. 2008 – India launches its first uncrewed lunar mission Chandrayaan-1. 2012 – Cyclist Lance Armstrong is formally stripped of his seven Tour de France titles after being charged for doping.[14] 2013 – The Australian Capital Territory becomes the first Australian jurisdiction to legalize same-sex marriage with the Marriage Equality (Same Sex) Act 2013. 2014 – Michael Zehaf-Bibeau attacks the Parliament of Canada, killing a soldier and injuring three other people. 2019 – Same-sex marriage is legalised, and abortion is decriminalised in Northern Ireland as a result of the Northern Ireland Assembly not being restored.[15]955 – Qian Weijun, king of Wuyue (d. 991) 1071 – William IX, Duke of Aquitaine (d. 1126)[16] 1197 – Juntoku, Japanese emperor (d. 1242) 1511 – Erasmus Reinhold, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1553)[17] 1559 – Jacques Sirmond, French scholar (d. 1651) 1587 – Joachim Jungius, German mathematician and philosopher (d. 1657) 1592 – Gustav Horn, Count of Pori (d. 1657)1659 – Georg Ernst Stahl, German chemist and physician (d. 1734) 1689 – John V, Portuguese king (d. 1750) 1701 – Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1756) 1729 – Johann Reinhold Forster, German pastor and botanist (d. 1798) 1749 – Cornelis van der Aa, Dutch historian and bookseller (d. 1816) 1761 – Antoine Barnave, French politician and orator (d. 1793) 1778 – Javier de Burgos, Spanish jurist and politician (d. 1848) 1781 – Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France (d. 1789) 1783 – Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, Ottoman-French polymath and naturalist (d. 1840) 1809 – Volney Howard, American lawyer, jurist, and politician, Texas Attorney General (d. 1889) 1811 – Franz Liszt, Hungarian pianist and composer (d. 1886)[18] 1818 – Leconte de Lisle, French poet and author (d. 1894)[19] 1821 – Collis Potter Huntington, American businessman (d. 1900) 1832 – August Labitzky, Czech composer and conductor (d. 1903) 1843 – James Strachan-Davidson, English classical scholar, academic administrator, translator, and author (d. 1916)[20] 1844 – Sarah Bernhardt, French actress and manager (d. 1923) 1844 – Louis Riel, Canadian scholar and politician (d. 1885) 1847 – Koos de la Rey, South African general (d. 1914) 1850 – Charles Kingston, Au</pre></body></html>
andrewnandrewn12 mo. ago
July 20 Buzz Aldrin's bootprint on the Moon 1651 – Wars of the Three Kingdoms: After crossing the Firth of Forth, English Commonwealth forces defeated a Scottish army at the Battle of Inverkeithing, opening the rest of the country to occupation. 1867 – The United States Congress established the Indian Peace Commission to seek peace treaties with a number of Native American tribes. 1917 – Serbian prime minister Nikola Pašić and Yugoslav Committee president Ante Trumbić signed the Corfu Declaration, agreeing to seek the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. 1969 – The Apollo 11 Lunar Module Eagle landed on the Sea of Tranquillity, where Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first men to walk on the Moon six and a half hours later (bootprint pictured).
devonhdolandevonhdolan12 mo. ago
June 20: World Refugee Day Queen Victoria 1837 – Queen Victoria (pictured) acceded to the British throne, beginning a 63-year reign. 1921 – British Army officer Thomas Stanton Lambert was assassinated by the Irish Republican Army near Moydrum, Ireland. 1959 – The extratropical remnants of an Atlantic hurricane reached the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada, causing 22 fishing boats to capsize and killing 35 people. 1979 – Bill Stewart, an American journalist, was executed by Nicaraguan Guardia forces. 1982 – The International Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide, the first major conference in genocide studies, opened despite Turkish attempts to cancel it due to the inclusion of presentations on the Armenian genocide.
SethySethy12 mo. ago
June 20: World Refugee Day Queen Victoria 1837 – Queen Victoria (pictured) acceded to the British throne, beginning a 63-year reign. 1921 – British Army officer Thomas Stanton Lambert was assassinated by the Irish Republican Army near Moydrum, Ireland. 1959 – The extratropical remnants of an Atlantic hurricane reached the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada, causing 22 fishing boats to capsize and killing 35 people. 1979 – Bill Stewart, an American journalist, was executed by Nicaraguan Guardia forces. 1982 – The International Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide, the first major conference in genocide studies, opened despite Turkish attempts to cancel it due to the inclusion of presentations on the Armenian genocide.
AIGC启示录star-88813 mo. ago
June 20: World Refugee Day Queen Victoria 1837 – Queen Victoria (pictured) acceded to the British throne, beginning a 63-year reign. 1921 – British Army officer Thomas Stanton Lambert was assassinated by the Irish Republican Army near Moydrum, Ireland. 1959 – The extratropical remnants of an Atlantic hurricane reached the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada, causing 22 fishing boats to capsize and killing 35 people. 1979 – Bill Stewart, an American journalist, was executed by Nicaraguan Guardia forces. 1982 – The International Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide, the first major conference in genocide studies, opened despite Turkish attempts to cancel it due to the inclusion of presentations on the Armenian genocide.
AIGC启示录star-88813 mo. ago
June 20: World Refugee Day Queen Victoria 1837 – Queen Victoria (pictured) acceded to the British throne, beginning a 63-year reign. 1921 – British Army officer Thomas Stanton Lambert was assassinated by the Irish Republican Army near Moydrum, Ireland. 1959 – The extratropical remnants of an Atlantic hurricane reached the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada, causing 22 fishing boats to capsize and killing 35 people. 1979 – Bill Stewart, an American journalist, was executed by Nicaraguan Guardia forces. 1982 – The International Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide, the first major conference in genocide studies, opened despite Turkish attempts to cancel it due to the inclusion of presentations on the Armenian genocide.
andrewnandrewn13 mo. ago
June 20: World Refugee Day Queen Victoria 1837 – Queen Victoria (pictured) acceded to the British throne, beginning a 63-year reign. 1921 – British Army officer Thomas Stanton Lambert was assassinated by the Irish Republican Army near Moydrum, Ireland. 1959 – The extratropical remnants of an Atlantic hurricane reached the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada, causing 22 fishing boats to capsize and killing 35 people. 1979 – Bill Stewart, an American journalist, was executed by Nicaraguan Guardia forces. 1982 – The International Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide, the first major conference in genocide studies, opened despite Turkish attempts to cancel it due to the inclusion of presentations on the Armenian genocide.
andrewnandrewn13 mo. ago
June 20: World Refugee Day Queen Victoria 1837 – Queen Victoria (pictured) acceded to the British throne, beginning a 63-year reign. 1921 – British Army officer Thomas Stanton Lambert was assassinated by the Irish Republican Army near Moydrum, Ireland. 1959 – The extratropical remnants of an Atlantic hurricane reached the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada, causing 22 fishing boats to capsize and killing 35 people. 1979 – Bill Stewart, an American journalist, was executed by Nicaraguan Guardia forces. 1982 – The International Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide, the first major conference in genocide studies, opened despite Turkish attempts to cancel it due to the inclusion of presentations on the Armenian genocide.
jamiedubsjamiedubs13 mo. ago
May 21: World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development Richard Loeb (left) and Nathan Leopold (right) 1138 – The Crusades: The siege of Shaizar ended, and the Emir of Shaizar became a vassal of the Byzantine Empire. 1864 – American Civil War: The inconclusive Battle of Spotsylvania Court House in Virginia ended with combined Union and Confederate casualties totaling around 31,000. 1894 – The Manchester Ship Canal, linking Manchester in North West England to the Irish Sea, officially opened, becoming the world's largest navigation canal at the time. 1924 – University of Chicago students Nathan Leopold Jr. and Richard Loeb (both pictured) murdered a 14-year-old boy in a thrill killing out of a desire to commit a "perfect crime". 2014 – A Taiwanese man carried out a stabbing spree on a Taipei Metro train, killing four people and injuring 24 others.
jamiedubsjamiedubs13 mo. ago
May 21: World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development Richard Loeb (left) and Nathan Leopold (right) 1138 – The Crusades: The siege of Shaizar ended, and the Emir of Shaizar became a vassal of the Byzantine Empire. 1864 – American Civil War: The inconclusive Battle of Spotsylvania Court House in Virginia ended with combined Union and Confederate casualties totaling around 31,000. 1894 – The Manchester Ship Canal, linking Manchester in North West England to the Irish Sea, officially opened, becoming the world's largest navigation canal at the time. 1924 – University of Chicago students Nathan Leopold Jr. and Richard Loeb (both pictured) murdered a 14-year-old boy in a thrill killing out of a desire to commit a "perfect crime". 2014 – A Taiwanese man carried out a stabbing spree on a Taipei Metro train, killing four people and injuring 24 others.
Lynn-8b9e700d2eLynnM12314 mo. ago
Output for the Glif "Wikipedia "Today in History""
jamiedubsjamiedubs16 mo. ago
Output for the Glif "Wikipedia "Today in History""
jamiedubsjamiedubs18 mo. ago
Output for the Glif "Wikipedia "Today in History""
jamiedubsjamiedubs18 mo. ago
Output for the Glif "Wikipedia "Today in History""
jamiedubsjamiedubs18 mo. ago
Output for the Glif "Wikipedia "Today in History""
jamiedubsjamiedubs18 mo. ago
Output for the Glif "Wikipedia "Today in History""
glif - Wikipedia "Today in History" by jamiedubs